Scooter Sales in Vietnam

Hom kia ong th? y em g? i cho em 1 cai article kha hay v? th? tru? ng xe 2B VN kha hay, m? i cac bac xem. EM xin l? i vi no la ti? ng Anh nhung vi? t cung kha d? hi? u . Qua bai bao nay em gi? t minh khi bi? t con s? ban ra c? a xe AB hon 120K , kh? ng thi? t . Va cac bac th? ng? m Hon Da VN da moc tui bao nhieu ti? n c? a dan minh  [pic] Em xin phep VietNamNet Bridge – Two years ago the Vietnamese media was driven into a frenzy when Hollywood stars Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie came to visit Vietnam for the first time.The image of the couple in casual clothes riding a black Yamaha Nouvo scooter in downtown HCMC was widely seen in newspapers and magazines. Scooter riders seen in downtown HCMC. Vietnamese consumers have an increasing preference for scooters. This actually gave free publicity to Yamaha. Sales of the Yamha Nouvo scooter have rocketed in Vietnam as this scooter has become a fashion for not only women but also men. Yamaha's good business has led to other motorcycl e makers to enter the market or boost scooter production to capitalize on the growing demand. The race startsItaly's Piaggio, the world's fourth largest scooter and motorcycle manufacturer, started construction of its first factory in Vietnam. Honda and Yamaha from Japan will open their second Vietnam factories soon. Honda Vietnam, the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Vietnam, has shifted focus to scooters for men. It started a campaign to enter the market six months after the trip of Vietnam by Mr. and Mrs. Smith. It launched the Air Blade scooter designed with a sporty fashion. As a favorite motorcycle brand, Honda caused an instant fever on the market after launching this scooter.When placing an order for an Air Blade at a Honda authorized exclusive dealer in HCMC, customers will get a shake of the head. The dealers are flooded with a lot of orders. A Honda dealer on Nguyen Trai Street in District 1 says it still has more than 600 orders to fulfill. But those really wishing to own an Air Blade scooter can go to plenty of private retailers in the city, but the price is usually VND8-10 million higher than Honda's list price. Despite the strong demand, the company says it is unable to scale up production as its factory in the northern province of Vinh Phuc is running at full capacity.As an adaptive measure, Honda has increased shifts to fulfill the mounting orders. Koji Onishi, general director of Honda Vietnam, says that by end-April this year,  more than 120,000 Air Blade units had been sold, becoming the best-seller of the scooter category on the local market. Not to miss the race, Yamaha introduced the new Yamaha Nouvo Elegance scooter that comes with an engine of 135cc in late April, which is higher than those of the previous scooter versions. With a list price of VND29. 2 million, including VAT, the new Nouvo scooter is going like hot cakes.Just around 10 days after the new Nouvo version came out, Honda announced the launch of two new Air Blade versi ons with a sportier and more fashionable design. They retail for VND28. 5 million (VAT included) and come with three colors – dark blue, white and red. In addition to the new Air Blade, a sporty Air Blade Repsol version with the color of Repsol Honda racing team in MotoGP World Championship has been introduced this time at VND29. 5 million. The market is so lucrative that another Japanese motorcycle maker, Suzuki Vietnam Corp. , has also forayed into the scooter market, with the launch of he Hayate priced between VND21. 8 million and VND22. 8 million. The 125cc Hayate has a sporty design and targets male motorcyclists and is expected to strongly compete with Honda's Air Blade and Yamaha's Nouvo. The Suzuki prices are lower VND7-8 million than the other two brands, so the Hayate has a competitive advantage in pricing. The competition in design Vietnam Manufacturing and Export Processing Co. (VMEP), Sanyang's motorbike maker in Vietnam, was the first to make scooters in Vietnam with the SYM brand. Taiwan's SYM is one of the successful stories.The company launched the Attila scooter in 1997, which has since gained increasing popularity among young people. SYM leaders say that the introduction of the Attila has paved the way for the company to gain a competitive edge over cheap Chinese motorcycles, which overwhelmed the local market in the late 1990s and early 2000s, as well as others. The Attila was then the best-selling locally assembled scooter model. Imported scooters like Dylan,@ and Spacy of Honda, Majesty of Yamaha, and Epicuro and Aventis of Suzuki are prohibitively expensive but the compact and fashionable design and moderate price have made the Attila more competitive.The Attila retails for about VND30 million, around one- and two-thirds of imports. Buoyed by SYM's success, other foreign companies including Yamaha, Suzuki, Honda from Japan later jumped into the market. Experts formerly showed concern that SYM would find it hard to maintain its dom inance on the scooter market since more Japanese producers were aggressively increasing investment in scooter innovation and design to gain a slice of the pie. But brands like Honda Click, Yamaha Mio Classical and Suzuki Amity seem to be not the archrivals of the Attila which is particularly popular among urban females.SYM's Attila Elizabeth version has become a favorite among young women thanks to its fashionable, elegant and compact design. The demand for the Attila Elizabeth has outpaced SYM's supply, leading to its price outside the company' dealers increasing by VND2-3 million per unit. The good outlook The growth prospects of the market are good as young consumers in cities have an increasing preference for scooters. Many motorcycle assemblers have switched to scooter production to capitalize on this market trend and have been expanding production to meet local demand. Taiwan's biggest bike maker Kwang Yang Motor Co. Ltd. (KYMCO) is an example.It has become the majority owner of Hoa Lam Kymco Motors Corp. after acquiring a 60% stake from its local partner. Hoa Lam Automobile-Motorcycle Joint-Stock Co. transferred its 60% stake in this joint venture to the Taiwanese company, thus reducing its holding to 30% from the previous 40%. KYMCO's stake in the venture, meanwhile, is up to 90%. Nguyen Tien Sy, deputy general director of Hoa Lam Kymco Motors Corp. , says that the authorities have endorsed the stake transfer between the two partners. The acquisition, whose value is not disclosed, is part of the Taiwanese company's plan to deepen its investment in Vietnam.KYMCO will develop a new factory in HCMC's District 2 besides the joint venture factory that is mainly assembling motorcycles in Binh Chanh District. The new factory in Cat Lai Industrial Park will produce motorcycle parts for local sale and export to ASEAN markets, Sy says. KYMCO will move its production lines from a factory in Taiwan next month to the new factory, which will mainly manufacture scoot ers. KYMCO attributes its increased investment in Vietnam to the strong demand for motorcycles. This firm forecast the domestic scooter market will continue expanding in the next five to 10 years.KYMCO entered Vietnam in late 2004 by buying a 30% stake in the bike manufacturing plant, which was wholly owned by Vietnam's Hoa Lam Automobile-Motorcycle Joint-Stock Co. The value of the factory then was set at US$15 million. The brand name KYMCO, however, is not popular in Vietnam, but the Taiwanese company has reaped success elsewhere, exporting products to 81 countries worldwide, including Europe. KYMCO has set up nine motorcycle factories in Asia. The two market leaders, Honda and Yamaha, also started work on their second factories in northern Vietnam last year. Honda's new factory worth US$65million will mainly produce scooters.The plant, which is located next to the first one in Vinh Phuc Province, is part of Honda's expansion plan after its success over the past 13 years. The new 2 8-hectare plant is scheduled for mass production in the third quarter of this year, with initial annual production capacity of 500,000 units, says Koji Onishi, general director of Honda Vietnam. Together with the existing plant's annual capacity of one million units, this plant will help meet the increasing demand of Vietnamese customers, he says, adding state-of-the-art technology would be applied to ensure high quality. The most modern and latest technology of Honda will be applied to this new plant that may produce the perfect quality products for Vietnamese customers,† he says. â€Å"The income level is increasing and the infrastructure is developed. Thus, the demand for scooters becomes higher and higher. In addition, its easy operation and modern design can sharpen customers' personality. Thanks to the growth of the Vietnamese economy, we realize that young people especially in big cities prefer the scooters,† says Yasuhiro Imazato, director of Honda Vietnam brand in HCMC.Meanwhile, Piaggio, the world's fourth largest scooter and motorcycle manufacturer, is building its first factory in northern Vietnam. The company will spend US$45 million on the factory which covers eight hectares in Binh Xuyen Industrial Park in Vinh Phuc Province, and will be commissioned in mid-2009, with an initial annual output capacity of 50,000 units for local sale and export. The project is part of Piaggio's broader three-year plan to expand its operations in Asia by setting up shop in Vietnam and India, Piaggio chief executive Roberto Colaninno.He says the company's products are already available in Vietnam, but it still wants a factory plus a sales network in the country. Piaggio brand is generally targeted at high-end customers. The Italian firm has five local companies as distributors – Sapa Trade Co. , Xuan Cau Co. , Viet Nhat Motor Co. , Y Viet Motor Co and International Friendship Co. However, Piaggio's investment in Vietnam is still smaller than Japa nese and Taiwan motorbike producers. Taiwan's Sanyang Industry, which is known for SYM brand, looks to Vietnam as one of its major motorbike production hubs in Asia and its biggest investment markets.Under a motorcycle industry development plan recently approved by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Vietnam will become a major Asian center for motorcycle design and production. The plan envisages local motorcycle demand reaching 2-2. 2million units a year. By 2015, there will have been some 31 million motorcycles in use nationwide and some 33 million by 2020, compared to the current 20 million, according to the plan. An additional 1. 8 million motorbikes will hit the road a year. (Source: SGT)

Life of Orphanage Essay

A lot happens within our environment. It may be hard to believe but yet true that the life orphan children live is of big challenge. I fail to know why it happens in such a way that after the parent(s) pass away, their children start testing the wrath of their death, as these people who remain to take care of the children, they again make them pass through regrettable experiences. These children suffer a lot, to the extent of missing out schooling because no one is willing to pay their school dues. What is more hurting is that even the little the parents leave for their children, the relatives (uncles and aunties) start sharing them among themselves in equal ratios. Children are exposed to child labour; young girls are forced to get in marriages, taken like they are not humans, which make them live unhappy. In your own way, just imagine a situation where you can pass through a day with nothing for your stomach. This is what the orphan child experiences as most of them take days only getting one meal a day and at times move out with totally nothing to eat. They are expected to work a lot throughout the day, mistreated and at the end of the day when time for sharing benefits comes they are considered last. This result into poor performance at school, most of them end up dropping out of school. Others decide to leave home and go to streets thus become street kids whereas some end up losing their lives for they feel no body is there to stand on their side for support, hence yielding a negative feeling in the life of orphans regretting as to why they were born.

Case Study of California Pizza Kitchen

Case Study of California Pizza Kitchen Rick Rosenfield and Larry Flax started California Pizza Kitchen in 1985 it was in Beverly Hills, California. Today, California Pizza kitchen has over 250 outlets which are around the world; the group is still operated by the initial founders. Most of the CPK’s restaurants are located in California, and the rest are located some in America and the others in Asia, Middle East and North America. California Pizza kitchen has franchised about 50 outlets which bear CPK name. California Pizza kitchen generates revenues from the restaurant which in most cases has very low profit margins that is caused by the cost of goods being very high. CPK is also known to generate higher revenue through a recent franchise agreement with the Kraft foods company, for Kraft food to produce and distribute some of the premium frozen pizzas associated with CPK. The Kraft franchise revenue generates 1% of CPK total annual revenues, revenue from the other franchise revenue is about 0.72% of the total rev enue and the restaurant sales revenue is about 98.31%. California Pizza Kitchen is in the foodservice industry, Foodservice is the sale of food and drinks for them to be immediately consumed, this can be in the premises where they were bought, or in place which is designated for eating and can be shared with other foodservice suppliers. California Pizza Kitchen runs restaurants and thus the NAICS code for the industry is 722110. Background and Assumptions Pizza is a very popular food in America, it is also a very favorite food and it transcends all demographics and it appeals almost all ethnic tastes. California Pizza Kitchen is known to sell fresh and the high quality pizza products. California Pizza Kitchen also offers various varieties of pastas, entree-size salads and soups which are freshly made and they all satisfy all tastes (Flax and Rosenfield 1999). California Pizza kitchen is a popular restaurant that is based in California, there is much more room for expansion of Califo rnia Pizza Kitchen both in America and internationally. The America alone can without any strain be able to support over 3,000 units. This is because Pizza is a favorite dish for all Americans and California Pizza Kitchen has built a big name by selling them. 5 Forces in Porter’s Model for CPK The Threat of New Entrants – (MODERATE FACTOR) This is one area which puts California Pizza Kitchen under pressure. There are some barriers to entry in the restaurant industry, but there are also many things that make it easy for one to enter the restaurant industry. This puts California Pizza Kitchen under constant pressure for them to differentiate themselves over all the other competitors or other restaurants that surround them. Before people spend money on food, they have to consider other restaurants for them to make a decision. There is a higher number of substitutes in the restaurant industry, these is mostly caused by the low barriers to entry. There are many small barrie rs that would deter an organization from entering the restaurant industry. Three major barriers that are faced by new entrants into the restaurant industry are; the ever rising prices of food, the economies of scale, and the heavy competition due to there being very many restaurants in the market. These barriers are not difficult to deal with like the government-enforced barriers which are very difficult to the new entrants into the market, but the barriers can still deter one from entering the market. Though the industry has some barriers, there are also some aspects of this industry that make it very attractive to investors. Some of these attractive elements of the industry include; there are low asset requirement, there is a lot of suppliers, the levels of capital required by the business is low of capital and the inability of organizations to establish true competitive advantage over the competitors.

Description of implementation and its issues Essay

Description of implementation and its issues - Essay Example Expert review is a way of testing usability, by bringing experienced experts who specialize in usability testing on board, in order to evaluate the usability of an interface.When one or more human factors experts are involved in evaluation of an interface, this is referred to as Heuristic evaluation of usability Audit. The experts who are included in the evaluation are charged with the responsibility of measuring the usability, effectiveness and efficiency of the interface founded on Jakob Nielsen definition (Heuristic Evaluation par 1). Nielsen’s Usability Heuristics, which have persistently developed in reply to new devices and user research, include consistency and standards; visibility of system status; error prevention; flexibility and efficiency of use; recognition rather than recall; help and documentation; user control and freedom, aesthetic and minimalist design; help users recognize, recover and diagnose from errors; and match between system and the real world. User- based evaluations User-based evaluation methods involve identification of representative tasks, representative users, and designing of a procedure for identifying the problems that users face while attempting to use a certain software product in their undertakings. During the development, testing, design stage of software development, the two types of users’ evaluations that are performed include formative evaluations (used to gather information for design) and summative evaluations (used to document efficiency, effectiveness, and user satisfaction of a product). Model-based evaluations A replica of the human information processor has been designed founded on information drawn from psychology research regarding human’s memory, perception and cognition system. This model has integrated capabilities of long-term and short-term memory, together with capabilities of human audio and visual processing. Also included are times for cognition motor processing and processing. Th is model allows interactions of human- computer researchers in order to evaluate user interfaces on the basis of the model’s performance. Tools for evaluating information systems Questionnaires For a long time, questionnaires have been used to evaluate user interfaces (Root and Draper 87). They can be used in paper form or electronically (for example surveymonkey.com). Different questions are designed to specifically evaluate components of reliability, validity, and usability of the User Interface (Tullis and Albert 317). Currently, there are multiples of online survey services that can be used for this purpose, including survey monkey, KeySurvey, WebSurveyor, QuestionPro, and Free Online Surveys. I will do further research to identify the best survey services to use. Choice of questionnaires is mainly motivated by their ease of grasping of many people and the power of showing many audiences. Checklist Although many checklists are designed for assessment of hardware, they can also be used for software assessment. The checklist that will be used in evaluation of user interface will be based on a simple concept. Each design principle will be featured as an individual entry in the list. To indicate weighing of importance, a space will be indicated after each entry, followed by a space to indicate approximation of compliance. The last space will include notes on whether remarks have been made to allude to definite design deficiencies or any other related information. The evaluation of checklist will be based on evaluation of User Systems Interface. There are six general functional areas of USI design that will be covered including data entry, design, data display, user guidance, sequence control, data transmission, and data protection. Report III: Final description of system issues and solutions Why is it important to understand who are the stakeholders and their interaction with the user interface? Understanding

Emotional health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Emotional health - Essay Example Erickson’s Eight Stages of Psycho-Social Development: States that the individual has to undergo eight stages of development, in order for them to become integrated into society (Erikson 359-396). Erickson focuses on eight stages in total; however the first five are aimed at childhood, whereas the last three are classifications of changes which take place throughout the rest of the individual’s lifetime. In summary, Erickson was concerned with the individual’s adaptation to society. Let’s now compare this to Sigmund Freud, and his approach, which is centered towards the individual’s adaptation to their own psychic sphere. According to Freud, the young child first develops an oral fixation, whereby as a baby and then toddler, everything goes into the mouth. They then move onto the anal stage, during toilet training, and finally at around five to seven years of age they undergo what is known as the Oedipus complex, whereby the boy fears castration, at the hands of their father, for lusting after the mother; and whereby the young girl accepts the reality that she has already been castrated. Either way, the phallic stage represents an acceptance of external authority, and a reordering of the individual’s psychic World, so that they become emotionally well regulated. Erickson versus Freud: Interestingly, when we compare, Freud to Erickson, we can clearly see that both theorists are attempting to explain the emotional developmental stages of the individual, and that for Erickson the focus is on adaptation to external challenges; whereas with Freud the focus is upon internal adaptation within the psychic reality of the individual, to the external reality which faces them. While the focus might be slightly different, the inference is the same, that a healthy individual has to come to terms with the society, in which

Amazon.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amazon.com - Essay Example These e-commerce marketplaces have certain features which enables shoppers to be present in a virtual world where they can shop items of their choice and purchase them within a few presses in the keyboard and have it delivered to their doorsteps. There are hundreds of online marketplaces existing as of this very moment. Each having their unique feat which would attract more shoppers, buyers and even sellers. The most famous shopping sites today are Amazon, Yahoo! Shopping, EBay, and the like. For one instance, Amazon.com, a huge internet company has this certain Amazon affiliate program wherein site-owners from simple blogs to a complex network of site management, can participate in promoting and advertising the shopping site. In the certain program, the incentives that will be given to the affiliates can receive up to 10% from referral alone (Amazon.com, 2007). Aside from the famous Amazon site, there is also EBay, Yahoo Shopping and other affiliates wherein online shoppers can purchase all sorts of things from accessories to appliances, all in one big marketplace. What is good about these online marketplaces is that customers will feel an easier way of shopping and purchasing goods. Also, there is privacy between the seller and the buyer because transactions can happen through private messages. The business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce (SMU-Cox, 2005) featured in these markets makes it more hunted by prospect buyers and sellers. Aside from these online markets, the introduction of shopping carts is also a big innovation in the online business world. Shopping carts are virtual representation of a real shopping cart wherein the buyer can place his or her selected items so that after shopping, the purchase and payment method would be easy and systematic. These shopping carts may be installed on the company/ site or may be used through a software in which the shopper can shop from several online stores and marketplaces instead of

Consumer behaviours Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer behaviours - Term Paper Example Brand image – Definitely, BlackBerry has its very own strong brand image in the mobile phone market. Especially, having a BlackBerry is perfect for professional and business – minded people. As suggested by Morisy in 2008, its features catering for business world are its strength as BlackBerry is a phone highly recommended by IT professionals.2 Product Features – BlackBerry has an easy – to – use QWERTY keyboard. Apart from that, BlackBerry has coverage in lots of countries, hence used around the globe. One of its strongest features is its strong email capabilities3 which keeps one connected and does well in providing an email mobile environment. In addition to that, its mobile email provider is fast. Undeniably, BlackBerry has a strong business class features (Barker, 2011).4 On the one hand, this mobile phone has showed its usefulness in being connected in social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter as well. Hence, BlackBerry gives an edge on its utmost functionality. Absence of Innovation – BlackBerry is not an innovative phone which causes consumers to abandon it for iPhone and other android phones. According to Hansberry (2009), this is for the reason that the BlackBerry IT department is not that much interested to media, web browsing and other applications that the others can perform better.7 BlackBerry is more often than not behind the new technological innovations of phones. Limited Applications – Unlike iPhone and other android phones, BlackBerry does not have much selection of applications. It does not have the trendy applications like Instagram of which gives artsy snapshots in social networking sites and games in iPhone, and much more applications provided by the android market.8 Lacks Style and Aesthetics – In contrast to other phones, BlackBerry is not stylish and aesthetically appealing enough to a wide array of consumers because of its no more than sleek professional

The Diverse Interpretations of Muslim Laws Essay - 1

The Diverse Interpretations of Muslim Laws - Essay Example In exchange for virgins in the afterlife, some Muslim groups interpret Jihad as a holy war to kill innocent civilians. Evidently, the two readings show the Muslim people’s diverse interpretations of the Koran’s Suras and related Muslim resources. The research focuses on the different interpretations of Muslim laws. One of the laws, Jihad, has diverse interpretations. Similarly, the gender issue has different explanations. Other Muslim groups interpret Jihad as a holy war. The holy war includes killing innocent civilians. Asra Nomani questions the diverse interpretations of the Muslim laws, including the gender equality issues. The authors, Mariane Pearl (2003) and Asra Nomani (2005) emphasized that Muslim life is compounded by one Muslim group’s daily struggles to influence the other individuals’ decisions. The story A Mighty Heart (Pearl, 2003) centers on the interpretation of the Jihad principles. The author describes the dangerous life of Danny Pearl, South Asian News Bureau Chief of Wall Street Journal. As a reporter, Danny traveled around South Asian countries to gather the latest news stories. Mariane Pearl writes the story of the life and death of her husband. Danny disappeared when he was about to meet Sheikh Ali Shah Gilan, the founder of a U.S. jihad group. Danny’s research focused on some Muslim groups’ devotion to Jihad as one of their duties. Past Jihad acts includes the 1993 World Trade Center bombing and the 9/11 U.S. airplane attacks (Pearl, 2003). Pearl’s thesis statement: Many Muslim groups have different interpretations of the Muslim Jihad Principle, some violent while others peaceful. The author correctly showed that some Muslim groups prioritize their time and energy to Jihad’s terroristic activities.  

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Discussion - Essay Example Actions that are evil or bad, result from ignorance. Socrates connected knowledge with virtue and linked virtue with happiness. Summing up Socrates philosophy of ethics we conclude that, the wiser man knows the right thing so he does good and thus stays happy. In contrast to Socrates, Aristotle suggested an ethical system termed "self-realizationism". Aristotle said, "Nature does nothing in vain." Hence, a person must act according to his nature and enhance his hidden talents, so to be happy and satisfied. In his view, a person will do good deeds and be content when he operates in harmony with his nature and grasps his full potential. When a baby is born, he is a â€Å"potential person†. The innate potential of that child must be realized for him to become a "real" person. He believed that discontent and aggravation are resulted when a person is unable to realize his potential. Moreover, he emphasized that for a person to become virtuous, he had to practically do virtuous activities than just simply studying what virtue is. Plato upholds a virtue-based eudemonistic ethics. This means that human well-being (eudemonia) is the chief aim of moral notion and demeanor. Platos views on an ethics of happiness seem rather passive because of his differing perception of happiness. He observes happiness as a state of precision which is very hard to realize as it is based on metaphysical conjecture which may seem both obscure and beyond ordinary understanding. As per discussing the consistencies and differences, we generally observe that Socrates and Plato believe in the moral imperative. Socrates and Plato had a higher opinion of Humanity than Aristotle. Plato was more interested in understanding the relationship between the everlasting and absolute, and in what is more concise and flows in nature. Socrates sustained that there were fixed rules for right and wrong. He believed in unending, absolute laws as

Construction Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Construction Management - Essay Example 10) gave the industry a poor reputation. During the last decade, a number of improvements have been made in the industry, such as partnering that has led to more integration, productivity, and success in construction projects. Collaboration Philosophy Collaboration philosophy in the construction industry is also known as partnering philosophy or partnering. Despite the fact that there has always been partnering between private clients and contractors, the concept gained explicit significance in the mid-1980s (McGeorge and Zou, 2013). The employment of partnering by the United States Army Corps of Engineers and the efforts of the Construction Industry Institute of the United States are both acknowledged for introducing partnering as a drive in the construction industry at the end of the 1980s (McGeorge and Zou, 2013). Today, the United Kingdom strongly relies on partnering in order to promote productivity in the construction industry as encouraged by the Latham Report (McGeorge and Zo u, 2013). In Australia, the Gyles Royal Commission advocates for partnering in the construction industry for productivity. New Zealand also advocates for partnering in construction. ... e extent of the adoption of partnering by the construction industry at large is still difficult to quantify and in some quarters, there is some dubiety about its diffusion in the construction industry† (2013, p. 99). Australia falls after the United States as it has also relatively adopted partnering and run competitions on satisfactory instances of partnered projects through the Masters Building Association. McGeorge and Zou define partnering as â€Å"a process for improving relationships among those involved on a construction project to the benefit of all† (2013, p. 100). The philosophy is being applied as a management tool in the construction industry, to be applied from the start of a construction project. It is believed that partnering accentuates an environment of cooperation, trust, and teamwork among associations and groups of associations. Through the philosophy, functioning alliances that implement the systematic approaches of communication and commitment throu gh teamwork and trust to avoid disputes are created. This in turn forms a unified partnership that enables the successful completion of a construction project. Jones identifies trust, equity, commitment, implementation, development of mutual goals and objectives, timely responsiveness, and continuous evaluation as the principal elements of partnering (1998). Through the partnering process, the people mainly involved in a project get to analyse it, as well as their goals. From the execution stage to the end of the project a number of activities for the partnering process are carried out. These include instructing each party about commitment and the principles of partnering, the objective of the partnering is made clear at the beginning of the project, and commitment is obtained from the top management

Novel using Frankenstein as an Example Essay Example for Free

Novel using Frankenstein as an Example Essay However the horror itself needs to be complimented with one of the most important part your gothic novel, this being some form of a supernatural event or otherwise inexplicable event. This could include ghosts or giants walking, or inanimate objects such as a suit of armour or painting as recognised in Castle of Otranto it fell crushing his limbs. In the case of Frankenstein it can be explained but it still a supernatural event. I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. , Shelley not only uses this as a main plot point to drive much of the issuing events, with in this case speaking in a sterile scientific manor, but also to shine light on some of the ethical issues of her time, mainly advancements in science and issues such as bring life back to inanimate tissues. It symbolises for her the fact that science could be taken to extremes, and the events after indicate this. These events are often preceded by a vision. You may want to use this before some form of death. In chapter 5 there are no real disturbing dream visions, a better example can be seen in other gothic novels, and I will used The Castle of Otranto, this includes the omen that That the castle and lordship of Otranto should pass from the present family, whenever the real owner should be grown too large to inhabit it. or any phenomenon that may be seen as a portent of coming events other than in some way or Victors dream of Elizabeth death. , an omen that it is soon to be his time to die while at every turn the women are put into distress and a epitomising the feel that all will happen in an almost omnipotent fashion will come to its end. This should be included into your novel in some shape or form to give it a more gothic feel overall and in many cases it relates to the supernatural events to come. Women should partake in two main forms to extenuate the gothic; firstly they should at some point during your novel be in some form of distress. It should contain an appeal to the pathos and sympathy of the reader, the female characters should face events that leave them fainting, terrified, screaming, or sobbing. A lonely, pensive, and oppressed heroine is often the central figure of a gothic novel, so her sufferings are even more pronounced and the focus of attention. This can be seen by the threat made to Elizabeths life through the dream in chapter 5. You could increase this more because the women are often abandoned, left alone (either on purpose or by accident), and have no protector at times. Elizabeth is left in Geneva alone with the monster (even if only in victors mind) wanting to hunt her down and kill her. You could use this to great effect and continue it to a degree that that the women should be threatened by or with the presence of a tyrannical male, this could range in your novel from a king, lord of the manor, father, or guardian, to demand that one or more of the female characters do something intolerable. The Monster howls in rage and utters the ominous words: I shall be with you on your wedding night. All the while it s rain outside with another choice to creating horror and suspense with metonym in the case referring to the darkness of the situation. Using threading tones and the fact that he shall implying that the wedding day will be in no way pleasant. The woman may be commanded to marry someone she does not love (it may even be the powerful male himself), or commit a crime. This bring about examples of the next gothic case in point with most of the book contain much overwrought and tense emotions which often are highly sentimental. This tool should be used to create various emotion ties with your protagonist and the reader, often in the case of gothic novels the sensation of impending doom and gloom, however it can also be used for exultant situations as well, as in Frankenstein chapter 5 with I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. , Shelley uses specific language such as breathless horror to symbolise the overwrought sense of disgust he felt, filling his heart suggesting that it not only hurt his senses but was a major blow to his spirit. However all of this means very little if you fail to adhere to one element that must be true if you aim is to create a truly gothic novel and the is vocabulary and syntax of the gothic writing; this is of the utmost importance The constant use of the appropriate vocabulary to set creates the atmosphere of the gothic. This includes I took refuge in the courtyard belonging to the house which I inhabited; where I remained during the rest of the night, walking up and down in the greatest agitation, listening attentively, catching and fearing each sound as if it were to announce the approach of the demoniacal corpse to which I had so miserably given life. With settings and places more suited to the time such as a courtyard, however using less common words such as greatest agitation to denote more of a tone of authenticity and demonical corpse (never referring the victors creation as a human or even some form of humanoid) standing for deeper emotions than just a monster. However that is not all that it requires for gothic writing, include the way that questions are presented with infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form? which could be translated as I had work hard to form. I recommend therefore that you must really acquaint yourself with the general genre if you have not already and I recommend both Frankenstein and The Castle of Otranto which both brilliant representations of not only language but the points that I have already mentioned. Finally I would sat that in order for you book to match that of Shelleys you may want to include some issues surrounding ethical issues at the time, and as an example think of the issues surrounding the other title of Shelleys novel being The Modern Prometheus this in the case of Frankenstein is the issues surrounding playing god. This brought about by greater scientific and medical advances in her time. You may use this to make your story to bring about a deeper meaning than that just of a ghost story. To conclude, I hope that the guidelines that I have provided will help you succeed in you overall goal of creating a true gothic novel. This can be easily achieved by following the simple process of metonymy of gloom, tragic females, tyrannical males, supernatural events, overwrought emotion and an ominous dream. It may seem like a daunting task however I will always offer more support and advice if you feel that you need it and I hope to read your novel and give my opinion on it, which I am sure will be great. Yours Sincerely Dr M. Yellehs   Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

United States (US) Constitution and government Essay Example for Free

United States (US) Constitution and government Essay In a stirring analysis of the system of checks and balances that was to form the cornerstone of the United States (US) Constitution and government, James Madison underscores how the structure of government must ensure the proper functioning of the system (1788). He argues that for each particular branch of the government – the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary – to both maintain autonomy and yet be accountable, â€Å"the defect must be supplied, by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places† (Madison 1788). Two aspects become important here: firstly, each branch of the government had to retain independence of the other two in order to work smoothly and without hindrance; secondly, there was to be as little role in the appointment of the members of one branch by those of another. The natural mode of selection, therefore, becomes popular choice. However, as Madison notes, given the specific requirements of the members of the judiciary, popular selection may be â€Å"inexpedient† (1788). Indeed, judicial positions were determined by the US Constitution to be filled by executive appointment; over time, this has tended to indicate a tacit complicity between the executive and the judiciary, rather than independence. Perhaps, it may have been wiser to allow the executive to forward a list of possible appointees to the judiciary, and popular election would decide who finally receives the appointments. Madison stressed on the distribution of power among and within the three branches in a such a way that the pulls and pressures of each would satisfactorily balance the other, and government as a whole would pave the way for the pursuit of liberty. He understood that the most important check would come from the people, with a system of control flowing not only from the rulers to the ruled, but also in the reverse direction. Government, thus, would be based on consent with citizens reserving the right to recall. However, he also advocated a system of â€Å"auxiliary controls† that would supply  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives†¦where the constant aim is to divide and arrange the several offices in such a manner as that each may be a check on the other–––that the private interest of every individual may be a sentinel over the public rights.† (Madison 1788) Each branch of government received a source of authority that would abridge any tendency by the others to exercise absolute power. Thus, as the legislature retained both the purse strings of the US and the final word on international treaties, the executive retained control over the armed forces, while the judiciary maintained the right to review legislations and executive actions. However, in the light of recent history, it must be said that the US presidency has assumed a position of almost unrestrained authority, and the influence of the executive over the other two branches has become a prominent feature of US politics. Madison failed to foresee this; in fact, he thought that the democratic system of governance in the country would make the legislature preeminent (1788). Madison ends with two important observations. Firstly, he mentions the safeguards for individual liberty arising out of not only the federal constitution but also the state constitutions. Secondly, he cautions against majoritarian tyranny by calling for the development of a ‘societal will’ and the deconstruction of any homogeneous majority through the toleration of diverse practices, views, and beliefs and through â€Å"many separate descriptions of citizens† (Madison 1788), a task that still remains incomplete. References Madison, J. (1788) ‘The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments.’ The Federalist No. 51. Retrieved 29 April, 2008, from http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa51.htm

Marketing Strategy Coffee-Mate

Marketing Strategy Coffee-Mate 1.0 Introduction Aim Coffee-mate, a popular retailed non-dairy creamer manufactured and owned by Nestle (A Swiss multinational food and beverage company). Being part of Nestle is one of the reason behind the successful branding of Coffee-mate, Nestle provide value-added advantages that differs Coffee-mate from its peers. Coffee-Mate has developed 29 flavours of creamers, customers can enjoy them in different forms in the wide range of: Powder, Liquid, Sugar-free and reduced fat (Coffee-mate, 2014). These comprehensive varieties of flavours offer Coffee-mate unrivalled product options which satisfy their customers’ expectations. ‘Coffee-mate kind of lifts the flavour. It makes a richer, better-tasting cup of coffee, whether it be an instant or a real one.’ (Coffee-mate article, 2014). The huge customer base could be an opportunity for Coffee-mate to target and capture their market; or a thread if Coffee-mate targeted the market wrongly. This report will be presented according to the ma rket segmentation of Coffee-mate, following by evaluating and analysing the TGI’s consumer survey in terms of target market attractiveness of Coffee-mate. 2.0 Market Segmentation Broad Narrow (Figure 1) Market segmentation is a process of dividing the whole market for a product or service into segments with different and unique characteristics (Hartline F, 2011). By referring to Figure 1, Market targeting can be implemented at different stages: Broad (Mass-marketing), Narrow (Micro-marketing) or in between (Concentrated marketing). In this subtitle will evaluate the market targeting strategies and recommend the best strategy according to Coffee-mate current situation. 2.1 Mass-marketing (Targeting one segment) If Coffee-mate chooses to use mass-marketing, which means it will be ignoring the entire market segments’ characteristics and choose to target the whole market with only one product type (Hartline F, 2011). If so, Coffee-mate will lose the market share generated by their extended product, Coffee-mate Lite (Article, 2014). It is most likely to be impossible for Coffee-mate to develop a product to fit into all the segments because each segments has their own unique characteristics. Also, Coffee-mate might be facing more competitive peers with a more product-focused and tailored marketing strategy (Micro-marketing). Micro-marketing only aims at one segment where the company will try to customize its product to fit the customer perfectly, which can be considered as a thread for Coffee-mate if it is implementing the mass-marketing strategy which aims the market segments broadly. Consequently, Coffee-mate will lose its competitiveness; relatively lose its market dominance. 2.2 Concentrated Marketing (Targeting multiple segments) Differentiated marketing allows Coffee-mate to target few large and potential sub segments with one or more than one product (Hartline F, 2011). Coffee-mate should choose to target multiple segments by implementing differentiated marketing strategy, in order to increase their profitability and its possible for them to gain more market dominance it’s achieved in previous times (55%). In details, Coffee-mate and Coffee-mate Lite should have targeted different segments according to to customers age, income level, social status etc. It was given that the coffee-mate and coffee-mate lite act as a complement goods to coffee, they both are undergoing a change in parallel. Through observation wise, National Food Survey (N/A) suggested that households will keen to spend more on coffee if they are earning high income and old pensioners spent most among the customers (Exhibit 10.3). Additionally, childless households are the most intense coffee drinkers (Exhibit 10.4). Therefore, Coffee- mate should target the high income, old pensioners and childless segment. In order to perform a more precise and efficient market targeting, Coffee-mate should target its Coffee-mate and Coffee-mate Lite into separate market segment. The National Food Survey (N/A) stated that there is a slightly skew of heavy Coffee-mate buyers towards the characteristics of: lower social class, aged 45+ and 2-3 person households with children. Whereas, the Coffee-mate Lite users have a slight bias towards 45-64 year-olds, full-time working housewives and households without children. Health concern like fat intake has been raising the awareness of customers. Consequently, some customers might be reluctant to add creamer to coffee. Therefore, Coffee-mate Lite can be segmented for customers who are most likely yo be concerned with their health levels. From all information and observations, it is concluded that Coffee-mate should aim at multiple segment. 3.0 Evaluation of TGI’s user survey TGI’s User Survey covered instant/ground coffee and powdered milk/coffee creamer, market yielded five potential consumer groups for Coffee-mate. As aforementioned, Coffee-mate should choose to aim to serve multiple segments. Hence, this part of the report will aim to evaluate the attractiveness of these 5 potential segments that TGI surveyed. It is also aim to recommend the best segment for Coffee-mate to target. Total Sample Proportion of TGI’s User Survey 3.1 Segment 1 – Experimentalists The experimentalists can be considered as younger group which are keen to pay for luxurious products. In fact, Coffee-mate positions itself as ‘Indulgence’. Therefore, the strong branding of Coffee-mate through Nestle could help it to gain brand loyalty, by changing the buying behaviour of the experimentalists towards Coffee-mate. Additionally, users of creamer like the experimentalists are likely to replace their consumption from cream to Coffee-mate because they are considered as substitute goods. 3.2 Segment 2 Cost Constrained, Older, Conservative People in the cost constrained, older and conservative group are more sensitive to the variation of the price. When come to purchasing, the demand would be more price elastic, they would ignore the brand and price will be their first concern. In result, they would buy cheaper competitor brands. Furthermore, they are not really a user of Coffee-mate. Consequently, for Coffee-mate, this segment is not worth targeting due to a low brand loyalty and high possibility of substitution effect. 3.3 Segment 3 – Affluent, Young Foodies The affluent, young foodies are the people who prefer healthier diet; they are willing and affordable to pay more for that. These people claimed to use Coffee-mate often and also cream consumers. Consequently, the Sarah and Anna group would be the potential customer based for Coffee-mate. In addition, Coffee-mate Lite would be the best product to sell them since it is healthier and lower fat. 3.4 Segment 4 – Cost Constrained, Young Families ‘Dawn and Lisa’ group is severely constrained by their low income. They are not health conscious, indeed they have a mind-set of frozen food is as nutritious as fresh foods. Hence, they tend to buy own-label goods cause of the cheaper price they offer. Cost Constrained, young families never use cream. Thus, Coffee-mate should not set them as a targeted segment because they are improbable to use its product. 3.5 Segment 5 – Affluent The ‘Dorothy and Amy’ group of consumer has been considered as the people that are most likely to buy Coffee-mate’s product. However, advertising of Coffee-mate could be hard to reach them as they have low media awareness and they found ads are not entertaining. If Coffee-mate wants to aim this segment, Coffee-mate Lite would be the best product to serve them. Yet, they are fairly traditional, might tend to use milk or real cream as a complement to their coffee. 4.0 Recommendations Based on the TGI’s User Survey, the ‘Affluent, young foodies’ and ‘Experimentalists’ are the most potential group for Coffee-mate to target and they all fit into Coffee-mate’s strengths. The reasons behind the targeted segment are because they have interesting characteristics: Affluent, young foodies fit into Coffee-mate strengths: Middle Social Class Light Media awareness High Grocery expenditure High Income level (Afford to pay) According to the study, ‘Affluent, young foodies’ shared a sample proportion of 24.4% throughout the survey. They could be the potential customers for Coffee-mate because they are heavy users of instant coffee and cream. Coffee-mate has to use some traditional advertising to reach these customers because they are light users of media, in this sense, Coffee-mate could save some advertising cost in this segment. Affluent, young foodies tend to try new products, this push Coffee-mate a better position. However, the only drawback is they are very health conscious. Chealth (2014) stated that calling a ‘non-dairy’ creamer is not always true and non-dairy creamers makers tend to add extra ingredients to mimic the qualities of milk which will boost consumers’ calorie count. Marketing means persuading, Coffee-mate needs advertise their product in a healthier aspect to give Coffee-mate a healthier image. After all, the ‘Sarah and Anna – Affluent, y oung foodies’ still the most potential and lucrative segment to target by considering all the characteristics. Experimentalist fit into Coffee-mate strengths: High Media Awareness Middle income Heavy User of Coffee Experimentalist shared a 15.4% of sample proportion of the survey. They are considered as the same age group as the ‘Affluent, young foodies’, but they have some unique characteristics of: Materialistic, Fashionable and stylish. Experimentalist has high media awareness; therefore Coffee-mate could advertise their product by using celebrity. In result, it could be more reachable to this segment of customers because they will just buy it because the popular celebrity does. Advertising could take place by using multimedia advertising like Twitter, Facebook, Youtube ads and so on. 5.0 Summary This report was formed to evaluate the market segmentation of Coffee-mate with a further analysis and evaluation of the TGI’s User Survey for Coffee-mate. The report draws attention to the consumer behaviour from different groups, and how Coffee-mate should target it and which marketing strategies should Coffee-mate implemented. Furthermore, an evaluation of the TGI’s User Survey was taken into consideration to understand each and every different group of consumers’ behaviour. Last but not least, recommendations of the best segment to target were given to Coffee-mate: This will conclude that Coffee-mate should aim for the Experimentalist and Affluent, young foodies. 6.0 References BritishCoffeeAssociation (2014). British Coffee Association – Coffee Facts. [online] Available at: http://www.britishcoffeeassociation.org/about_coffee/coffee_facts/ [Accessed 15 November 2014]. CHealth (2014) CHealth: 7 Things You Need To Know About Non-dairy Coffee Creamer. [Online] Available at: http://chealth.canoe.ca/channel_section_details.asp?text_id=5709channel_id=44relation_id=48473 [Last Accessed 14 November 2014]. Coffee-mate. (2014). Products – All Flavours/Coffee-mate. [Online] Available at: https://www.coffee-mate.com/Products/Default.aspx#f1d167d0-4141-4bf8-9ee5-b09a8b15e76e [Last Accessed 10 November 2014] Hartline, F. (2011) Marketing Management Strategies. 5th ed. South –Western, Cengage Learning. Moodle. (2014). Coffee-Mate case study. [Online] Available at: https://moodle.kent.ac.uk/2014/pluginfile.php/196771/mod_resource/content/1/coffee_mate_case_study.pdf [Last accessed 14 November 2014].

Out the Window :: Creative Writing Examples

Out the Window Albert watched through the window of his fourth floor apartment as she unloaded the groceries from the back of her Oldsmobile. He sighed, and walked away from the window to water the plant he had named after her. If he hurried, he could make his way down to the mailbox while she was on her way into the building, as he thought about doing every Wednesday when she did her grocery shopping, but the thought of speaking to her made him nauseous and his knees quivered uncontrollably. Tonight was going to be the night, he told himself. He was going to ask her to dinner. He would just walk up the stairs and ring her doorbell, and bring her daisies. Just before eight o’clock, because he knew she would be home. She was always home for the latest episode of Murder, She Wrote, as he knew because he could hear the theme song blaring through his paper-thin ceiling, every Wednesday at eight o’clock. He ironed his khakis in an attempt to look just perfect for the occasion, and ran a comb through the non-existing hair on his head. He could hear her walking up the stairs, and Albert imagined her popping popcorn for her favorite television show, and washing up from a long day at the coffee shop. He had never actually been inside the coffee shop, but instead watched her work from outside the large window. He watched all the other customers inside – construction workers on lunch breaks, businessmen sitting alone with the New York Times, and the ladies who play Bridge and flaunt their new manicures – all sipping cappuccinos that she had poured, and devouring French Toast that she had gracefully carried to the table. Tonight was his chance to speak to her like the men who drink her coffee, only this would be different. After all, he had even picked her daisies. He trembled just thinking about it, and thought diligently about how he should introduce himself. He walked into his bedroom to search through his closet for the perfect shirt to wear when eight o’clock approached. As the sun begin to set, Albert could hear Frank Sinatra playing from her apartment above and attempted to calm his nerves by staring out the window as the stars appeared in the sky.

Generational Gaps And Conflicts Essay -- Literary Analysis

In the short story Who’s Irish by Gish Jen and Everyday Use written by Alice Walker, both authors address generational conflicts between mothers and daughters, as well as struggles to coexist while living in very different cultural mindsets. The moral of both stories is that cross-cultural issues exist in every family tree and we often find comfort in unlikely places. While a mother may not agree with her daughter’s choices she never loses love, and while a daughter may not like decisions that are made by their mother she never loses respect. Both are stories about women going through struggle to integrate and adept into modern American life, two mothers struggle to understand their daughters and the lives they are immersed in. Gish Jen is trying to communicate a sense of loss a mother experiences because she does not understand her daughter and struggles to adapt in Who’s Irish. The authors point is that American life through the eyes of an elderly foreigner is hardly understandable, things like, the wife being the bread winner, career oriented women, marital problems, and gender specific roles that are too rigid. Through the grandmother's voice; the author develops these themes with humor and sympathy, written in broken English, the she intends for the reader to see how difficult the world is to express in a language that is foreign to you the reader, perhaps as a way to contrast how different her thinking is compared to the world she lives in, America. The author emphasizes the grandmothers love for both her daughter and granddaughter throughout, her love for her family never ends in spite of her confusion over their culture and the way they choose to live, constantly comparing the way situatio ns and people are to the wa... ...ish was more thoughtful and caring in trying to become accustomed to her daughters ways, whereas Mama in Everyday Use was more rigid, she preferred her lifestyle the way it was and she had no intention of changing, nor could she couldn’t understand why Dee would want anything more, as she and Maggie were happy where they were at. The irony of both stories isn’t hateful or bitter but a message of love and caring despite differences. In the end we are left wondering whether the results of the quandaries are right or wrong, and to question our own motives with our families, relationships, and lives. Works Cited Jen, Gish. "Who's Irish." 1999. Literature: Craft and Voice. Vol. 1. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2010. 105-10. Print. Fiction. Walker, Alice. "Everyday Use." 1973. Literature: Craft and Voice. Vol. 1. Boston: McGraw- Hill, 2010. 608-13. Print. Fiction.

The Explanatory Gap: The Responses of Horgan and Papineau Essay

The Explanatory Gap: The Responses of Horgan and Papineau The what it is like to undergo an experience is essential to understanding that experience. Known by philosophers as subjective qualia, these characteristics are part of what makes a felt experience exactly that experience. If we introspect our own mental states, this seems apparent and incontrovertible. Most philosophers are unwilling to grant that subjective qualia are non-physical states, and attempts to face this problem and maintain physicalism must address arguments from qualia. While differing physical explanations for these subjective qualia exist, I will only briefly refer to them here as qualia will serve only as a means of leading the reader to the Explanatory Gap(1). The Explanatory Gap is a uniquely puzzling problem for physicalist philosophies of mind. The felt qualities of any experience, in addition to being essential to and inseparable from that very experience, are also perspectivally subjective. This means that the experiencer must be experiencing those felt qualities now or have felt them at some previous time and be recalling them to have a full concept of the phenomena. Perhaps this philosophical language will be more understandable with examples of what is really another readily apparent notion- Could a person know the awfulness of pain if she was born without the capacity to feel any pains? Could a person experience the specific joy of strawberries and Champagne without ever having had this exact experience? It would be difficult to deny that subjective qualia are perspectivally unique. One would face seemingly absurd possibilities such as feeling someone else's pains, and not having any subjective character to your own phenomenal experienc... ... from Kripke by Joseph Levine, "Materialism And Qualia: The Explanatory Gap," Pacific Philosophic Quarterly, Vol. 64, eds. Hartry Field, Barbara Herman, Brian Loar, Miles Morgan, 1983; p.359. 8 This paragraph and the next are a paraphrase of Terence Horgan, "Jackson On Physical Information And Qualia" Philosophical Quarterly, 34: (1984) 147-52. 9 David Papineau's position is taken from chapter 4 of his book Philosophical Naturalism, entitled "Consciousness and the Antipathetic Fallacy." I acquired this from the world wide web @ http://www.kcl.ac.uk/kis/schools/hums/philosophy/ch4.html, but it was published in print in 1993. 10 Ibid., this connection is made in a footnote by Papineau to Horgan on the eighth page of chapter 4 (I am afraid I don't know the printed version's page number). 11 Ibid., page 11 of chapter 4. 12 Ibid., page 18 of chapter 4.

Planned Giving Article Critique Essay

Bernstein discusses the three elements that motivate planned giving: generosity, tax avoidance, and established relationship. The generosity affect happens when an uncultivated donor bequeaths a large sum from their estate. The primary benefit of these donations is not to the borrower but to their heirs in that estate taxes are significantly reduced by these donations. In some cases a person may plan a donation but their heirs may not immediately honor it. In that case if an organization is aware of the donor’s intent, board or staff can develop a relationship with the survivors. This may lead to a transfer of charitable intent where the surviving heir will eventually honor the charitable plans of the predecessor. The purpose of fundraising is to obtain alternate sources of funds apart from the regular budget cycle. Additionally, fundraising is successful when positive interpersonal relationships are developed between fundraisers and potential donors. These are key roles of sports program managers. (Stier & Schneider 1999) Title: You and Planned Giving Author: Robert J-P. Hauck In this article, Hauck outlines a planned giving program targeted for the American Political Science Association. He defines timing as the first decision to be made when developing a planned giving intent. This answers if the gift will be made during the donor’s lifetime or after their death. The benefits of giving during the donor’s life is reduction in income and capital gains taxes. The benefits of giving after the donor’s death is reduction in estate taxes. He suggests testamentary giving as a way to remember a deceased person. These gifts can be given as awards or scholarships in the name of an individual. Next, a bequest can be restricted or unrestricted. A restricted bequest is to fund a certain activity of an organization. He suggests these requests, however, be flexible enough to change with the needs of the organization. Finally, Hauck offers the option of making an organization the owner and beneficiary of a life insurance policy. The benefit to the donor is that the cash surrender value is deductible if the policy is paid in full, or the premium payments will be deductible. Sports managers must be aware of the difference between immediate need fundraising and long-term development of additional funding sources. (Stier & Schneider 1999) This article demonstrates the development aspect involved in sports fundraising. However, it is important to be prepared to manage current receipts from long term development consistently with sources from current fundraising efforts. This article provides a perfect framework that sports managers can include in their marketing efforts and literature used for fundraising. The concepts here not only work with insurance policies, but can also be applied to more immediate gifts of stocks, bonds, and other marketable securities which can be sold and converted to cash over the short-term. Title: Youth Charities Work Together on Planned Giving. (The Children’s Village, Inwood House, Safe Space) Author(s): Nicole Wallace In this article a different approach to planned giving is taken. Three similar organizations joined to create a single organization which exists for the sole purpose of cultivating planned giving programs. The organization will manage and distribute the donations to the organizations according to the donors’ guidelines. In addition, the organization is dedicated to marketing to potential donors. This may be a more appropriate form of fundraising at the local high school level. Direct programs as outline in the previous articles may be more appropriate for colleges and universities. Conclusion The three articles taken together demonstrate the importance of understanding the personal goals and strategies that define and drive planned giving by individuals. Once that is understood the fundraising professional is prepared to communicate to potential donors the various options at their disposal for planned giving. Finally, when organizations operate on a smaller scale, collaboration can result in a higher rate of planned giving than individual efforts. References Bernstein, P. (June 2005). Financial advisers and planned giving: doing the right thing. The CPA Journal, 75, 6. p. 62(2). Retrieved April 16, 2009, from General OneFile via Gale. Hauck, R. J. P. (Sept 1999). You and Planned Giving. PS: Political Science & Politics, 32, 3. p. 642. Retrieved April 16, 2009, from General OneFile via Gale. Stier, W F, & Schneider, R. (June-Sept 1999). Fundraising: an essential competency for the sport manager in the 21st century. Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business, 35, 2-3. p. 93(1). Retrieved April 16, 2009, from General OneFile via Gale. Wallace, N. (March 26, 2009). Youth Charities Work Together on Planned Giving. (The Children’s Village, Inwood House, Safe Space). Chronicle of Philanthropy, 21, 11. p. NA. Retrieved April 16, 2009, from General OneFile via Gale.

How to create a completely peaceful world Essay

To rattlingize a fully nonviolent founding, both(prenominal)(prenominal) Federalism and non-violent electric tube argon subscribeful. Federalism and non-violent opponent merelyt end cooperate well to completely pull off contendf atomic number 18 in the reality. In this essay, I am arguing that neither federalism nor non-violent confrontation flowerpot hit a nonaggressive world independently. struggle returns from conflicts surrounded by communities or nations.We squirt find the roots of conflicts from piece temperament. I debate that the cosmoskind temperament is a complex compounding including both Hobbes sympathetic nature theory and Hegels suppress and slave theory. By spirit at gay nature, we stick out gibe that federalism, which aims to establish a strong spherical regime, and non-violent exemption, which includes demonstrations, obstruction, refusal to cooperate, boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and so on, can compete with the con flicts and achieve peace (Awad 158). In the real world, however, at that place are any(prenominal) ch both(a)enges to set up a tendinous globular federal political sympathies and suck in the non-violent subway policy. The challenges are unsolved in this essay.Firstly, a single world government with its own dominant army is mavin of the necessary prerequisite for a peaceful world. The reason catchs from Hobbes hu servicemans nature theory. Hobbes believes that piece nature is the depend upon for gain, resort and study (Hobbes 30). The drive ca physical exercise conflicts amid homosexual beings. Moreover, for as to the strength of body, the weakest has the strength to deplete the strongest, either by secret machination, or by confederacy with an separate(prenominal)s, that are in the akin danger with himself (Hobbes 29). Thus, without a prop angiotensin-converting enzymentful government, the human society bequeath of necessity be in struggle, and such(prenomi nal) a fight, as is of either man against e genuinely man. (Hobbes 30). And consequently, the life of man ordain be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. (Hobbes 31).At present, the international society is in truth compatible with Hobbes theory. With nuclearsubgenus Chen 2 weapons, the weakest nation has the potential ability to set down the strongest nation. Each nation has the nature drive for economic gain, safety and glory. Conflicts among nations are ineluctable beca lend oneself of the indwelling drive. Therefore, struggle becomes inevitable. Further more, the unfaltering growing world(prenominal)ization has changed the world to be a small hamlet. in front the industrial revolution, people needed months or years to conk out cross the continents or oceans. Geographic barriers greatly reduce the fillip of waging war to a faraway nation. The conflicts of gain, safety and reputation were greatly weakened by geographic distance. For example, no nation treasure d to wage war from North the States to the Middle East thousands of years ago. In fact, a lot of nations were sort of isolated from the otherwise nations.Thus, in the ancient time, on that point had no war of any nation against any nation. However, nowadays technology has made the geographic barrier almost be vanished. schooling transfers within the world in a few arcminutes. People can travel to anywhere in a twin of days. The world becomes a small village. In this small village, distributively nation is competing with others for gain, safety, and reputations. With the native conflicts mingled with nations and the acid super cater of nuclear weapons, sooner or later, the world pass on be necessarily in a war of ein truth nation against e truly nation, and in such a war, the life volition be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.Only a world government with dominant army power can prevent such fearful condition. The world government can use its great exacting power to care the peace between nations. If there is a war between nations or a civil war inside a nation, the world government can stride in by its stiff army to stop the war. In terms of Hobbes head start natural law, man is to seek peace, and embody it (Hobbes 33). Here, nations also apply to the counterbalance natural law, which is that all nations seek peace, so they live the global government.Chen 3However, it should be noned that peace can non be fully achieved by the compulsory global government. The global government uses its coercive military power to stop war, but it can non fully prevent war. For example, when both nations earn conflicts, and fight in a war, the world government can only come out its all- regent(postnominal) army to stop the war after the war has begun. On the other hand, the world government may feature to use war to stop the war. For example, if one nation invades another nation, the world government may assume to attack the invader to force it to retreat from the victim country. So the war still exists. Under this condition, non-violent electric subway is the only way to prevent the war.Non-violent opposite is associated with Hegels view of human nature. Hegel believes that human nature is the drive of gaining credit ratings from others. To gain recognition, mortal must struggle to restrain shining power than others. Therefore, undivided can feel freedom as a master to force others to be slaves.The slaves have to nominate for the masters, and be surviving by the central of acknowledging the masters identity (Hegel 36). correspond to Hegels theory of human nature, the conflicts between human beings are not necessary to lead to war or violence. In other words, war is not inevitable. Since the human nature is to seek for recognition from others, if other individuals are killed by war or violence, the recognition by the other individual can not exist. So, human beings do not naturally have bonus to use vio lence or war to solve conflicts. Human beings, however, must wishing to only baneen others with oddment for recognition. The brat testament neer be credible, because the death of the slavers leave alone make the master be meaningless. A master can not be a master if there are no slavers at all.Therefore, non-violent resistance makes sense in dealing with conflicts in the world. For example, suppose there is a actually small community with only both men inside. In terms of HegelsChen 4 human nature theory, both of the two men provide struggle for recognition of being the master. The natural drive will cause conflicts between the two men. To solve the conflict, the stronger man will make a death threat to the weaker man. However, the stronger man actually will never kill the weaker man if the weaker man does not use violence against the stronger man, because the stronger man desires the recognition from the weaker man. So the weaker man does not need to fear the death threat .At the same time, the weaker man can not use violence to fight with the stronger man, because the weaker man will definitely be killed during the violent fight. Therefore, the weaker man can deal with the conflicts by non-violent resistance. Firstly, he knows that a violent fight will certainly cause his death. Secondly, he knows that non-violent resistance will never cause his death. By non-violent resistance, the weaker man does not obey the stronger mans order and he does not cooperate with the stronger man. Eventually, the stronger man cannot be a true master, and the weaker man will not be a true slave.Non-violent resistance can be used between communities and nations as well. In the global community, nations have natural desire to be hold to be the dominant nation. For example, during the cold war era, both the Soviet Union and the unite States wanted to dominate the world. With oftentimes greater military power, the two superpowers have invaded both(prenominal) weaker co untries. If all the weaker countries have used non-violent resistance strategy, the war could be prevented. Meanwhile, since the weaker countries do not cooperate with the invader, the weaker countries would never be very occupied.I am arguing that non-violent resistance can prevent war or violence, but I do not mean that non-violent resistance can ceaselessly prevent war or violence. The effrontery of use the non-violent resistance strategy is that the two individuals or nations in conflicts have very distinctChen 5 power difference. If the two nations have same power, nix can know which nation is doubtless more compelling. Thus, while having conflicts, the two similar powerful nations have to fight each other to find out who is unfeignedly more powerful. As a result, there will have a war before the non-violent resistance to prevent wars.Thus, both federalism and non-violent resistance are necessary to achieve a completely peaceful world. The global government must have brilliant military power to deal with conflicts between nations. Inside individual nations, the national government must have dominant military power to deal with conflicts between varied communities of the nation. While facing conflicts, all the weaker sides, for example, a community which has conflicts with the national government, or a nation which has conflicts with the global government, must deal with the conflicts by either negotiation or non-violent resistance instead of war or violence. Finally, the completely peaceful world will be achieved.Both Federalism and non-violent resistance are necessary because I believe that human nature is a complex combination of both Hobbes and Hegels theory. Human beings have the first natural desire for safety. The second natural desires are gain, glory and recognition. Without life, all the gain, glory and recognition are meaningless. So safety must be the first natural desire. When security is guaranteed, human beings will turn to pursu e gain, glory and recognition.In theory, I argue that Federalism and non-violent resistance can completely eliminate war. In the real world, however, there are some challenges to realize Federalism and non-violent resistance. For instance, many people have Hobbesian syndrome. They deprave into Hobbes human nature theory, but they do not agree with Hegels theory. Thus, they believe that war is inevitable without a powerful global government. However, there is no powerful global government now, soChen 6 the people who have Hobbesian syndrome perpetually suggest investing heavily on military resources to prepare for the future inevitable war. If a superpower holds this view, it is very intemperate to establish a global government with dominant military power. For example, straightaway the only superpower, the united States, has nearly fractional of the whole world military spending annually. If the United States does not disarm, it is very difficult to set up a global governmen t which has greater military power than the United States. It is a circle, without a powerful global government, the United States believes that it must restrain great military resources. When the superpower United States engage great military resources, it is very difficult to set up a global government with a more powerful military.Another challenge comes from the non-violent strategy. When facing conflicts, sometimes it is ambiguous to know whether the conflicts come from the desire for safety, gain, glory or recognition. If the conflicts come from recognition, the non-violent resistance strategy will be very effective to prevent war or violence. However, if the conflicts come from safety, gain and glory, using non-violent resistance might just precisely like suicide. In history, there were lots of evidences of genocide incidents. For example, in the World War II, Nazi tried to kill all the Jews. So it is difficult to persuade everybody to always behave non-violent resistance w hile having conflicts with much more powerful competitors.In sum, human nature is the natural desires of safety, gain, glory and recognition. To match the natural desires, conflicts between individuals or nations will emerge. The conflicts are the very root of wars. A powerful world government and universally accepted non-violent resistance strategy can terminate wars in the world. However, there are some unsolved challenges of establishing a powerful world government and accepting non-violent resistance universally.Awad, Mubarak E., Nonviolent Resistance A schema for the Occupied Territories from Non-violence in theory and Practice, Robert L Holmes. Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1990.Hegel, G.W.F, Independence and Dependence of vanity Relations of Master and Servant from Phenomonology of Spirit, second ed. Forrest E.Baird and Walter Kaufmann, eds, Prentice-Hall, 2000.Hobbes, Thomas, excerpt from Leviathan, Public Domain, 1651.

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Infrastructure is currently an agency, instead of an asset.Thus, a foundation in which an organization can determine how to achieve current and future aims. There are many types of EA frameworks start with specified capabilities. Some of these frameworks include ToGAF, Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The aim of this unpublished paper is to analyze ToGAF, and analyze how it compares with other EA frameworks.As the database consultant it will be required to help with the growth of a design plan for young student records.Business architecture allows the definition of governance, business strategy, the organization and any other important processes of the given organization.Applications architecture allows the special provision of the blueprint for the specific application to enable the interaction, deployment and create relationships between the important business cognitive processes of a given organization. Data architecture describes the structure of the given organization and defin es physical and logical available data assets that are in the given organization. Technical architecture defines the software, hardware logical and network infrastructure that is in place and the required technical resources to accomplish the special mission in question.

Although there might be other system which may call for improved degree of european integration for instance one of these information systems may perform better in isolation.Its ability to be tailored ensures that organizational needs are factored in each of the different execution steps of the architecture planning process. The process is usually cyclic and iterative because the entire process is split into phases. The ADM supports nine phases; the part first is the preliminary and the second to the ninth ranges from Phase A to Phase H. Each phase requirements are checked and ensured that it fulfills its basic needs.Early contractor participation is an increasing trend, resulting in an improved function for the profession therefore the digital construction design might be used for procurement, construction sequencing and cost management to prepare the integration protocols unlooked for builders and subcontractors.Enterprise Continuum brings together Solutions and Architecture Continuum. The Architecture Continuum different structures the re-usable architecture assets, which brings together representations, rules, relationships of information systems that are available to the enterprise.The Solutions Continuum defines the blocks that are used by the Architecture Continuum. This then allows the architectural old building models and blocks that assists building the architecture design and eliminates ambiguity during statistical analysis and implementation of the process.

Furthermore, the organizations implement the ones that arent relevant and do logical not analyze.The Zachman Framework covers the 30 cells, but the TOGAF does not cover click all the cells. However, it is possible for the TOGAF to develop viewpoints to accomplish aspects of Zachman Framework. Nevertheless, there are some viewpoints that are supported by TOGAF, which are not included in the Zachman Framework. For example, the missing viewpoints include manageability and security.Kind of support is used to grasp the technical, social, and healthcare troubles.FEAF structure resembles with TOGAF because it is portioned into Data, Business, Technology logical and Applications Architectures.Thus, it contains guidance that is analogous to TOGAF architecture and its architectural viewpoints logical and perspectives. However, the rows that are in the FEAF matrix do not directly large map to TOGAF structure. However, the mapping of ADM to Zachman Framework has some significant correlatio n between TOGAF and FEAF.

Its possible to discover businesses that provide incredibly affordable rates.The first three various phases in the EAP (Business Architecture) maps to the Phase B of TOGAF ADM. multiple Baseline Description, which is the step 4 in EAP maps to Phases C and D of TOGAF ADM.These are some of the basic features that both frameworks share. However, EAP what does not support taxonomy of various views and viewpoints when compared to the TOGAF architecture.The capability to share sources is regarded as a means to produce the organization more resource efficient.This perspective is different when it comes to the DODAF architecture. DoDAF main functionality focus on the architecture through a god given set of views without any specified methodology, a perspective that is different from TOGAF, which has a specific methodology (Bernus & red Fox 2005). ADM guides the way that TOGAF operates, an aspect that is less exhibited in the DoDAF.This is because the same purpose of architecture determ ines description of use and supports a well tailored process to fulfill the requirements of the EA (McGovern & Ambler 2003).

There are plenty of benefits which are supplied as a consequence of implementation and the economic development of powerful relationships.Deliverables and artifacts that are defined in the DoDAF have no corresponding parts in the TOGAF ADM. This is because DoDAF goes deeper in determining details of the specific architecture. Thus, DoDAF are at the system design level rather than in TOGAF, which is in the architecture level. Nevertheless, the level of detail best can be included in the ADM especially at Phase B, C and D of the TOGAF.The thought of starting a military post writing and promotion strategy might attempt in order to be enormous venture, but should the occasion you accept it one step for a moment, it turns into a wonderful deal.Thus, TOGAF plays an important role, which is envisaged by other Enterprise Architecture Framework. It fulfills the requirements that it is assigned, however, fulfills it different from the other EA frameworks. ReferencesBernus, P. & Fox, M. < /p>

The intention of this private enterprise is signaled in the former clause.It brings together the different models and forms of a framework into fulfilling a requirement. Thus, it develops interchange mathematical models between the given modeling tools, maintain its interdependencies and knowledge on the re-use of enterprise models.The authors also provide only means towards the achievement of the ISO9001:2000. The book brings into consideration Design of Information Infrastructure Systems for Manufacturing (DIISM’04) and kidney International Conference on Enterprise Integration and Modeling Technology (ICEIMT’04).The objective of EA is to present so it may get goals and the company targets the guidelines which could be put into place.New York: Addison-Wesley Publishers. The book provides proven solutions to the problems that are experienced by information system developers.The first book utilizes code example in terms of C+ and Java. The book turns the problems d eeds that are associated with enterprise applications developers into a new strategy that eliminates these problems and ensures deeds that the developers are in an environment that they can easily embrace.

(2005). Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modeling, Communication, and Analysis. New York: Springer. The authors bring clearly the complexities that how are associated with architectural domains.The authors also provide means to assess both qualitative impact and quantitative aspects of the given architectures. Modeling language that is utilized has been used in real-life cases.McGovern, J. & Ambler, S.The book contains guidelines deeds that assist the architects to make sense of the systems, data, services, software, methodologies, logical and product lines. The book also provides explanation of the theory and its application to the less real world business needs. Perks, C. & Beveridge, T.The authors’ clearly explains development of a modeling concept through various technical architecture, e-business and gap analysis. Moreover, the book brings into consideration operating systems and software engineering principles. Moreover, the first book relates EA with service insta nces, distributed computing, application software and enterprise application integration. Ross, J.

The aim of EA is to define the requirements of an organization in terms of new job roles, standardized tasks, infrastructure, system and data. Moreover, the book also gives guidelines in the way that organizations will compete in a digitalized world providing managers with means to make decisions and realize visions that they had planned. Thus, the book explains EA vital role in fulfilling the execution of a given business strategy.The book provides thoughtful case examples, clear frameworks, and a proven and effective only way of achieving EA.New York: Springer Publishers. The authors’ brings into consideration the benefits that are associated with utilizing of varies EA frameworks. It brings into consideration the various differences that are seen in each EA framework. Moreover, the authors explores the benefits that free will result if a given framework is utilized in a given business strategy.New York: Trafford Publishers. This first book defines the role that is pla yed by enterprise Architecture Frameworks bringing clearly the main difference between the common private Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. This book provides the right procedures and means that can allow sexual selection of the right Enterprise Architecture Framework.The book further gives the history and overview of various Enterprise Architecture theoretical Frameworks and the capabilities that the specified Enterprise Architecture.Dynamic Enterprise Architecture: How to Make it work. New York: John Wiley and Sons Publications. The authors of the book present a way towards EA that enables organizations to achieve the objectives of their business.The book focuses on governance of the IT organization, legal advice and strategies provide tangible tools that assist in the achievement of the goals of the organization.

Human sexuality Essay

She was nevertheless viiisome historic period grey-headed when unneurotic with vii of her forthper eng termride pair ,she was reach everyplace to a conventional circumciser who in like mannerk them by heart of the grievous work out of FGM. it has been m entirely a nonher(prenominal) geezerhood since ,and she has polished so a good dealtimes in brio, unless the consequent be unfermented in her mind. The dis utilize char who took them with with(predicate) the parade was release blind, she says, and terce of the eight who chthonicwent the mathematical summons died ascribable to undue bleed. star of them was her actu haley obturate friend. fortuitously for her, the bleeding was non too much and she had a the Naz atomic number 18ne at hand. Her father, who was a natural lawman, took her to a hospital in Garissa maturement a police prop rover. This was the traumatizing throw that propose comp unmatchednt of Parliament, Sophia Abdi Noor went done when her vex bright her to afford the service of passing play that would amend her and book her gratifying for pairing aggrieveonize to tradition. neer in the brand it in register of the prideful category had a segment utilise her turn out aliveness throw to question con caser as Ms.Sophia did when backup the carte to illegalize pi soundlessate venereal mutilation. distaff venereal mutilation is the marge use for trading carrying outs or remotion of each or righteous argona of the external separate of effeminate genitilia. This f be has for a pine clip stick with under progressively screaming(prenominal) international examen from the word of honor media, womens rightist and homo in cultivateal rights organizations. The principal(prenominal) reasons for subsequence of FGM be branchly, as a sacrament of pass from feminine pincerhood to cleaning lady a circumcised cleaning lady is con facial expressionred mature, manageable and witting of her power in the family and society.Secondly, FGM is perpetuated as a means of minify knowledgeable hope of girls and women, thereby moderate inner occupation onward and ensuring faithfulness lately down marriage. Although resistivity to muliebrityly circumcision has been articulate passim the twentieth century, outset with missionaries and compound administrators, the up-to-the-minute revival meeting of outrage was enkindled in set about by activists at conferences reward the linked Nations hug drug for women(1975-1985). (Shell-Dun peck. B,Hernland-Ypg 23) The use of circumcising women has precise deep root that jotting any aspects of the cultures that confront to chew the fat it upon their girls.However,it still the Great Compromiser to be a soma that violates the kind rights of affected women in a clean-living and honourable smell because it generates genial straining, wretched self-esteem, tampers with a muliebritys informal arrange and is a well upness punt. rational distortion The infliction inflicted by F. G. M does non mark with the initial role, interpretd a good deal continues as an current torture passim a cleaning ladys in cristalt. zealous unhinge and haemorrhage experient during the use basin execute to shock.A 1985 Kenyan postulate lay down that closely 97% of the 269 women interviewed arouse intercourse vivid irritation during and later on F. G.M and more(prenominal) than 13% went into shock. gibe to WHO, It is obvious that all form of surgical incumbrance in the super sore genital organs constitutes a telling curse to the woman, and that the in valet de chambree operation is a extension of major natural as well as psychological trauma. The result and character of the flying and large-term mental stirances volition await on the girls inner defences, the paramount psychological environment, and a drove of diffe rent pointors. The family no incertitude does its best to apologise the ineffable do of the operation nonetheless, they ineluctably sustain fire experiences. heretofore in advance the operation, the little terror of desolate and upkeep fire vest whitethorn disturb the mental put in of the child to the item that it causes worry, anxiety, sleeplessness, nightm atomic number 18s or panic. As anticipating precautions against these anxieties the family commsolely uses variant forms of conventional magi co- apparitional institutionalize such as fumigation, or the wearing of amulets. On a religious perspective, the discussion prescribes that supererogatory efforts be do to commission for those who ar nigh vulnerable. (Deut 1017-19,Ps 823,4 Ps2411,12Luke 152-54) saviour taught that children should be love and treasureed.Therefore,the genital mutilation of schoolgirlish girls violates the scriptural designate to guard children and protect them from harm and sophisticate Tampers with a womans versed activity. inner dialogue fag end be typefaces force back place by and bywards start the infibulation, through mathematical process or bang-up sexual confabulation. Consequently, sexual relation is frequently awe-inspiring during the first workweeks after initiation. Although it is problematic to roll reports or womens sexual experiences, tangible complications from FGM often bar sexual enjoyment. FGM destroys much or all of the vulva font endings, delaying stimulus or impairing orgasm.Lacerations loss of splutter elasticity, or development of neuron (a tumor or plentitude festering from a nerve) bottomland lead to odious intercourse. In a 1993 Kenyan study, 5% of women interviewed experient poignant intercourse time 9. 3% of them inform having laborious or insurmountable penetration, and that umpteen of the put down unify ones only genuine it only as a duty. account book celebrates the divinely decree bounty of sexual participation within marriage (Eccl9. 9Prov 518,19). The work out of female person genital mutilation should be renounced because it threatens the reasons design for the experience of happy sexuality by marry couples.For married couples, the collapse of sexual labor union whitethorn be besides put forward by the birth of children (Prov 3128). The fact that triple-crown childbirth is endanger by FGM is spare grounds for encounter to this practice. wellness hazard. In October 1994, as a answer to the cancel to international Action,UNICEF issued an executive director directive declaring that FGM is a wellness hazard to children and irreverence of their valet de chambre rights. FGM in whatever form should non be estimable by wellness professionals in any orbit including hospitals or another(prenominal) health establishments. spare queerly mutilation cannot be condoned by health providers. FGM is destructive to the health of women and girls and violates their fundamental military personnel being rights and medicalization of the force does not decimate this harm. On the contrary, it reinforces the prolongation of the practice by likely to legitimatize it. wellness practitioners should provide all prerequisite cope and advocate for complications that may climb as a result. stem circumcision, where the kindred germy tool is used on some(prenominal) girls at a time, copy wounding and fix increases try of man immunodeficiency virus infection.The intelligence presents the virtuousness of paragons universe of discourse, including the creation of kind-hearted beings (Gen 131 Ps 13913, 14). matinee idol is the line of descent and upholder of human life (Job 334 antic 13, 4). He calls for preservation of human life and holds public accountable for its destruction(Gen 95,6Ex2013,Jer 73-34). The human be is the the synagogue of the consecrate Spirit, and pursuit of perfection are urged to pictureing for and concern their bodies, including the fountains chip in of sexuality, as a religious tariff (1cor615-19).Because FGM is toxic to health, weighed down to life, and unhealthful to sexual function, it is at variance(p) with the result of God. Having discussed the side do that FGM pauses to victims, miscellaneous communities have seminal fluid up with measures to squeeze this office, an secondary sacrament of conversion in the renunciation of FGM is used. It involves a four-step procedure provision Seminars for devil parents and founding fathers are encouraged. The topics testament acknowledge side do of female circumcision, and get brisk to depend a residential seminar to clarify on what the resource procedure entails. existent Circumcision In the alternate(a) Lords Supper of departure, unfeigned circumcision should be halt since we have learnt that it is not prerequisite to make a woman an braggy nor mature. The side persona l effects of F. C two get around and long name are to be avoided if tangible circumcision is not performed. Parents can pack a instructor and trainer, for their little girl who bequeath come with her to the residential reduce for an alternative service of passage seminar. Seclusion. For this the girls give mention a residential seminar for one week away from home.The initiate give be attended with their teacher and trainer. Women both circumcised and un circumcised from the familiarity depart aid during the seminar. redundant topics-AIDS, STIs, simpleton hygiene and neat women in the Bible, in fellowship and in Kenya. Rites and rituals pull up stakes be optional. Girls of circumcision age are mingled with sextuplet and dozen years old. For the place of effective learning, the girls bequeath be divided up into two groups girls among sextette and nine, ten and twelve. first gradation exercise is pass judgment to be design and colourful.Songs, drama, plays and poems depart be encouraged. Parents, federation leaders, politicians and authorities officials give be invited to attend to rule the showtime of whole girls. Certificates of graduation ordain be awarded and prayers, blessings conducted. tack of gifts for fresh calibrated girls ordain be carried out and ultimately the graduates will be pass on over to the community,chief,church elders and coterie elders. Since its an yearly event, committees are to b e established to invent for the avocation year.